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KMID : 0378019740170010049
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New Medical Journal
1974 Volume.17 No. 1 p.49 ~ p.54
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Optokinetic Response in the Cerebral Lesions
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Abstract
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Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic, to and fro oscillation of the eyes. Such ocular movements may be easily elicited in the normal individuals by a series of moving target before the eyes. This physiologic reflex is known as optokinetic nystagmus. This phenomenon was first observed by Purkinje in 1825 while watching a crowd at a cavalry parade in Vienna.
It is generally known that the optokinetic responses are disturbed in parietal lobe lesions. Also such a lesion manifests a visual field defect.
However authors have found that the prediction of a disturbance in these responses in some cases of parietal lobe lesion has not always been borne out.
As a control group, one hundred healthy adults were examined and all of them showed normal symmetric optokinetic responses. In this study, 17 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis which predilects to localize in the lower part of the posterior parietal lobe, 28 cases of brain tumor, 11 cases of head injury, 3 cases of A-V malformation, 1 case of cerebral thrombosis, 3 cases of brain abscess, 1 case of cysticercosis, and 1 case of abnormal calcification were observed for optokinetic nystagmus with correlation to the location of lesion and the visual field defect.
It is this author´s suggestions that the optokinetic response is most likely to be disturbed in lesions involving the lower part of the posterior parietal or parietoccipital lobe where the optic radiation and efferent optomotor pathway is also easily damaged. Abnormalities in the optokinetic response are not dependent on involvement of the visual pathway and also the response does not necessarily depend on the continuity of the association pathways between the occipital and frontal cortices. It seems that unless a cortical lesion involving the optomotor area is large enough in size, the optokinetic response can not be disturbed.
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